Abstract
Autore:
Colarizi Simona
Titolo:
"Alle origini della Repubblica. Il dibattito alla Costituente"
The seventieth anniversary
of the Constitution and the failure of the recent
constitutional referendum have reignited
the interest in the events that characterized
the birth of the Republic. Always eluded in
the history of the unitary State, governed
since 1848 by the “Statuto Albertino”, the
decision to call a Constituent Assembly represented
a fundamental turning point for the
refoundation of Italy after fascism and war:
in fact it was anti-fascism, the common denominator
of a Resistance only formally
unitary, the basis of collaboration among the
six parties of the anti-fascist coalition that
governed the country until 1947. These political
forces were united by the conviction that
it was essential to overcome the old liberal
State, whose weakness was appeared evident
at the end of the First World War, when the
fascist counter-revolution had prevailed over
the attempts to broaden the foundations of
the democracy. On the need for a new pact
that reiterated the principles of freedom and
human dignity, but which also enshrined the
objective of balancing individual rights and
social obligations promoting social justice,
the three main components of the Italian political
spectrum - the Catholics, the Socialists
and the Communists - with the contribution
of the other democratic forces proved at that
time to agree, despite the mutual differences.
The new Constitution was therefore founded
on these principles, as was happening in
other Western countries. And it was precisely
the constitutional “compromise”, deliberately
pursued and achieved in the Constituent
Assembly, to guarantee the stability of the
country in spite of the political turmoil of the
“first” and the “second” Republic and despite
the serious internal and international tensions
that had occurred in the months in which the
Assembly had carried out its work.
